中文摘要：

在频率为28kHz的超声辐照下，研究了超声作用功率和辐照时间对石油污染土壤淋洗液中吸持稠油粘土颗粒的破解作用，并采用GC／MS分析了超声辐照时问对淋洗液中特征有机物的影响。结果表明，随着超声作用功率和辐照时间的增加，粘土颗粒吸持的稠油显著下降，辐照时间为45min，作用功率为100W时，粘土颗粒吸持稠油的解吸率为79．25％；作用功率为60w，辐照时间为75min时，粘土颗粒吸持稠油的解吸率为77．36％。超声波能够显著增加解吸稠油在水中的溶解率，辐照时间为45min，作用功率为80w时，水相含油率升高92％；当作用功率为60w，辐照时问为75min时，水相含油率升高近1倍。随着超声辐照时间的增加，极性相对较强的环烷酮类有机物的相对丰度随之增加，极性相对较弱的环烷二酮类有机物相对丰度则显著减小。超声波有利于异位化学淋洗在高含粘土颗粒石油污染土壤修复中的应用。

英文摘要：

The disintegration of clay granule contaminated by heavy oil in leaching wastewater was studied by the ultrasonic power and the ultrasonic time at frequency of 28 kHz. Impact of the ultrasonic time on characteristic organic compounds in aqueous phase was also analyzed by GC/MS. The results show that the absorption of heavy oil in clay granule decreased obviously with increasing the ultrasonic power and time. The desorption rate of heavy oil was 79.25% with the power of 100 W and the time of 45 min, while this figure was 77.36% with the power of 60 W and the time of 75 rain. Furthermore, oil content in aqueous phase increased 92% with the ultrasonic power of 80 W and the time of 45 min, while that figure increased near up to 100% with the power of 60 W and the time of 75 min, indicating that soluble rate of the desorpted oil in water increased obviously by the use of ultrasonic. Besides, it was also found that the comparative abundance of naphthenone with the strong polarity increased with the increase of ultrasonic time, while that of naphthenic-dione with the week polanity followed the converse trend. Thus, ultrasonic is benefit to the appliance of chemical washing in the remediation of heavy oily polluted soil granule with high clay concentration.