中文摘要：

采用SSR（Simple sequence repeat）标记技术对29个砂梨品种或类型（主要为红皮型）做了鉴定，并对其亲缘关系进行了分析。6对SSR引物（BGA35、KU10、BGT23b、NH004a、NH011b和NH015a）均扩增出了较多的等位基因。NH004a位点的等位基因数、有效等位基因、杂合度和香农多样性指数都较高，显示了良好的品种鉴定能力。除3对品种或类型可能为同物异名或芽变类型无法区分开外，6对引物组合可以成功地鉴定其它品种。聚类分析可以将29个砂梨品种（类型）明显分成4个组。第1组全部来自云南，其中包括2个绿皮砂梨品种，其余为红皮砂梨，说明该组内红皮砂梨的祖先可能与这些绿皮砂梨亲缘关系很近。在第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组中，来自四川会理的红梨品种和云南的红梨品种交叉组合，可能是两地间品种交流的历史反映。第Ⅳ组中来自四川会理的‘香酥梨’、‘栽秧梨’，原产云南弥渡的‘弥渡香酥梨’以及原产云南丽江的‘长水火把梨’相互间及与其它梨的亲缘关系均较远。分布在云南各地的火把梨可能有不同的起源。

英文摘要：

A total of 29 sand pear germplasm （mainly red skinned） native to southwest of China were subjected to simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis. Six pairs of SSR primers （BGA35, KU10, BGT23b,NH004a, NH011b and NH015a） could generate a large number of alleles. The primer NH004a, which produced the highest allele numbers and the most effective alleles, and high heterozygosity and Shannon information index, showed the best identification power. Using six pairs of SSR primers, all accessions or types could be distinguished except for three pairs of cuhivars, which might belong to the synonymy cases or bud mutants. Twenty nine pear accessions could be divided into four major groups obviously based on the UPGMA cluster analysis. Group Ⅰ consisted of cuhivars all native to Yunnan province, including two green and nine red skinned sand pears, inferring a near genetic relationship between the red and green skinned pears. In groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the red skinned pears from Huili County of Sichuan Province and from Yunnan Province mingled together, which might suggest cultivar movement from Yuannan to Sichuan. In group Ⅳ, not only were Xiangsuli and Zaiyangli from Huili County of Sichuan Province, Midu Xiangsuli and Changshui Huobali native to Yunnan Province not closely clustered, but also were far from other groups. Huobali pear types distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces might have different origins. The results above indicates large genetic diversity of germplasm resources of red skinned sand pear cuhivars in China.