中文摘要：

运用常规宝石学仪器、X射线粉末衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、环境扫描电子显微镜等测试手段，对采自福建寿山的旗降石样品进行了系统的宝石学和矿物学研究。结果表明，旗降石样品含有多种高岭石族矿物，大部分以地开石为主，但也有以高岭石为主要矿物的品种。结果认为，寿山旗降石样品的透明度与组成矿物的颗粒粒度、堆叠有序度有关，颗粒粒度越大，堆叠越有序，结晶程度越好的样品透明度较高，质地较好。另外，Fe离子为旗降石样品黄色体色和红色团块的主要致色离子，且Fe离子的质量分数越大，颜色越深。

英文摘要：

Larderite is a unique kind of carving stone in China with long history and great reputation. The authors study the gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of Qijiang stones（a kind of larderite）from Shoushan, Fujian Province, by means of conventional gemmological instruments, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, laser Raman spectroscopy（LRM） and environmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM）. Those studies indicate that the samples of Qijiang stones all belong to kaolinite group larderite, and they also shows that most samples are mainly composed of dickite, though a few samples mainly are of kaolinite. The authors believe that the sizes of particle and degrees of crystallization of mineral are associated with the transparency of stones, and those samples with high transparency are usually large particles with high degree of order and crystallization. In addition, the yellow and red colours of those samples are caused by Fe cation, and the more Fe cation, the deeper colour of samples.