中文摘要：

通勤者每天早晨驾车行驶于一条有瓶颈的道路上,瓶颈处的通行能力是固定的,当通勤者的出发率超过通行能力时,交通拥挤就会发生.本文研究了瓶颈道路上的收费策略以缓解交通拥挤.以最早可接受的到达时间、最理想的到达时间和工作开始时间为参考点,建立了基于参考依赖理论的瓶颈道路模型,分析了用户均衡和系统最优,得到了最优的动态收费策略,进一步提出了两种单阶段收费策略,得出了它们各自的收费水平、收费时间和收费效果.结果表明,单阶段收费策略的效果不但与收费水平和收费时间有关,还与通勤者的参考依赖偏好和损失规避特性有关.

英文摘要：

Every morning commuters travel on a highway that has a bottleneck with fixed flow capacity.If the departure rate of commuters exceeds the capacity of bottleneck,the traffic congestion will develop.This paper studies toll schemes designed to alleviate congestion problems that result from a road bottleneck.With three reference points：the earliest acceptable arrival time,the preferred arrival time and the work starting time,a highway bottleneck model based on reference-dependent theory is constructed.The user equilibrium and social optimum are analyzed,and the optimal time-varying toll scheme is given accordingly.Further,two single-step toll schemes are proposed,and the charging level,pricing time and tolling effect of each single-step toll scheme are obtained.The results show that the effect of single-step toll scheme depend on not only the tolling level and the charging time,but also commuters＇ reference-dependent preference and lossaversion characteristic.