中文摘要：

手术后引起的纤毛囊肿是一种极少见的术后并发症，在正颌外科术后的相关报道更为罕见。本文报告1例患者在接受上颌骨LeFortI型截骨与颏成形手术后2年，出现下颌颏部膨隆，影像学检查显示为颏部囊性占位．手术刮除病灶并取出钛板，病理学检查显示囊壁为假复层纤毛柱状上皮衬里，诊断为外科纤毛囊肿。回顾文献表明。正颌术后继发颌骨囊肿极为少见，其原因可能为术中上颌黏膜易位所致。

英文摘要：

Surgical ciliated or postoperative maxillary cyst is a locally aggressive lesion, usually developing as a delayed complication many years after surgery. There were few reports that described this complication after orthognathic surgery. We reported a case who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty and demonstrated a gradual chin swelling 2 years postoperatively. Radiological examinations indicated 2 unilocular radiolucency cystic lesions and surgical curettage combined with titanium plates removal was performed. Histopathology showed pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining, which indicated surgical ciliated cyst. Few papers were found regarding to mandibular surgical ciliated cyst secondary to orthognathic surgery. The possible mechanism might be an accidental transplantation of tissue during surgery. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （81100793） and Health Bureau Foundation of Shanghai Pudong New District （PW2012D-11）.