中文摘要：

【目的】明确不同栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病空间分布型及其抽样技术。【方法】通过5种聚集度指数测定法判定了不同栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病各个流行时期的空间分布格局,利用Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归法分析病害聚集原因,采用Iwao回归法计算不同发病程度下的理论抽样数及序贯抽样数。【结果】露地栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病空间分布型在始发期为随机分布,在盛发期转为聚集分布,在衰退期转为均匀分布;而避雨栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病整个生长季空间分布型均为聚集分布。不同栽培条件下,在病害始发期至盛发期,病株间均表现为相互吸引,病株的空间分布为聚集的,且聚集强度随着病株密度的增加而升高,而在盛发期至衰退期,随着病株密度的增加,露地栽培个体群在田间由聚集分布转为均匀分布,避雨栽培个体群在田间则仍呈现聚集分布的格局。盛发期葡萄霜霉病聚集的原因是由病原菌本身的生物学特性和环境因素共同作用引起的。用Iwao理论抽样模型,计算出不同发病程度情况下所需的最适抽样数量,随着病情指数的增加,所需抽样数量递减。露地栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病序贯抽样模型为To（N）=0.450N±2.154 N,避雨栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病序贯抽样模型为To（N）=0.450N±2.102 N。【结论】露地和避雨栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病的空间分布格局存在一定差异,并对比分析了造成2者差异的原因。明确了不同栽培条件下葡萄霜霉病各个流行时期的最佳取样方式、最适抽样数量及指导田间防治的序贯抽样表。

英文摘要：

【Objective】The objective of the study was to clarify the spatial distribution pattern and sam-pling technique of grapevine downy mildew under different cultivations.【Methods】The spatial distribu-tion pattern of grapevine downy mildew in each epidemic period under different cultivations was deter-mined by five spatial distribution pattern indices. The assembling reasons were analyzed using Taylor＇sregression model（1961） and Iwao＇s regression equation（1971）. The optimal sampling number and se-quential sampling table were calculated using Iwao＇s method.【Results】The spatial distribution pattern ofgrapevine downy mildew was random distribution in exponential phase under open cultivation,and trans-formed into aggregated distribution in logistic phase,finally transformed into evenness distribution in de-cline phase. The spatial distribution pattern of grapevine downy mildew took on aggregated distribution inthe whole growing season under rain-shelter cultivation. The individuals of the diseased plants attractedeach other,the spatial distribution pattern of grapevine downy mildew took on aggregated distribution,and the aggregation intensity increased with increasing plant density from exponential phase to logisticphase under different cultivations. With the increasing of plant density from logistic phase to declinephase,the individual colonies were changed from aggregated distribution into evenness distribution underopen air cultivation,but the individual colonies still took on aggregated distribution under rain-sheltercultivation. The reason for the aggregation in logistic phase may be due to the biological characteristics ofthe pathogen and some environmental factors. The optimal sampling number and sequential sampling ta-ble were calculated under different densities of the disease. The optimal sampling number under differentseverity of the disease was calculated. The sample number negatively decreased with the pathogen indicesincreasing. The sequency sampling procedure under open cultivation