中文摘要：

计算机软件是计算机系统的“灵魂”,而操作系统是软件运行支撑技术的核心。在互联网时代,软件的运行环境和开发方法发生了重要变化,迫切需要一种新型的面向互联网计算的软件范型,中国学者将这种新范型命名为网构软件。网构软件对包括操作系统在内的软件技术体系带来一系列新挑战。本文关注“面向网构软件的操作系统”（简称“网构操作系统”）,简要回顾了操作系统的发展历史,介绍了网构操作系统的概念、基本特征和关键支撑技术。在总结当前网构操作系统的发展现状的基础上,对操作系统的未来发展进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Computer software is the soul of a computer system, while operating system is the core of software runtime supporting technology. In the Internet era, both software running environments and software development methods have been undergoing dramatic changes, thus we urgently need a new software paradigm for internet computing. Chinese researchers have named this new paradigm ＂internetware＂, which has bronght a series of challenges to software technologies including operating systems. This article focuses on operating systems for internetware, or internetware operating systems. We first briefly review the history of operating systems, and then introduce the concepts, basic characteristics and key supporting technologies for internetware operating systems. After summarizing the current development status of internetware operating systems, we present a brief outlook and trends for future operating systems.