中文摘要：

资源配置不均是当前中国基础教育发展面临的核心问题,反映在空间上则为资源布局不均。在新型城镇化建设阶段,基础教育资源空间布局作为关乎民生与社会公正的重要议题,成为教育、经济、社会、地理、城乡规划等多学科共同关注的研究热点。本文梳理中国基础教育资源布局研究发展脉络,将其分为探索期、深化期、快速拓展期3个阶段;对基础教育资源布局的空间特征与演化趋势,需求与供给方影响要素,均衡性评价标准与方法,以及对城乡空间发展影响等主要研究领域进行综述;指出现有研究在基于可达性分析的基础教育资源布局评价模型引介与优化方面成果丰富,但总体仍存在学科融合不足、研究体系不完整等问题;并鉴于此,提出今后应在结合教育发展规律分析基础教育资源空间布局模式与演化规律、多学科融合探索基础教育资源空间布局生成机制、关注地方特色对案例区长期系统追踪等方面深入研究。

英文摘要：

Unequal allocation of resources is the core problem in the development of China’s basic education system, spatially reflected as uneven distributions. Spatial allocation of basic education resources, which is closely related to people’s livelihood, social justice, and healthy urbanization of China, has become the research hotspot of many disciplines such as education, economics, sociology, geography, and urban planning. In order to promote research development and application of the subject, this article reviews the development of Chinese research on the distribution of basic education resources and divides it into three stages： exploration stage,deepening stage, and rapid expansion stage. It summarizes the achievements and analyzes the deficiencies of the four major research contents with regard to basic education resources distribution： the characteristics of layout and change in regions and urban and rural areas; the supply and demand factors that influence distribution,including the distribution of school-age population, technical standards of planning, ability and principles of local government’s resource allocation that are controlled by education financing system and education policies;the standards and methods of evaluation for spatial equilibrium based on efficiency and fairness; and the effects on population mobility, residential differentiation, and traffic structure change in urban and rural areas. Over the past decade, Chinese studies on the distribution of basic education resources have made great progress,especially in improving models of accessibility analysis and measuring and evaluating resource distribution.However, some problems still exist. Disciplinary integration is inadequate. The current research on spatial features, whose main function is to serve for layout evaluation, lacks analysis on structure and modes.Mechanism investigation based on local characteristics is insufficient. Above all, interdisciplinary methods and techniques should be used in future studies. Long-term follo