中文摘要：

根据直流人工污秽试验，笔者分析和比较了6种型式瓷和玻璃绝缘子污闪特性。试验结果表明：不同型式绝缘子的污秽闪络性能不同，盐密影响特征指数a与绝缘子的结构和材质有关，其值在0.32～0．55间。同样污秽下，玻璃绝缘子的污闪电压梯度高于相同结构的瓷绝缘子，外伞型绝缘子的污闪电压梯度低于钟罩型绝缘子。绝缘子的有效爬电系数与其型式和污秽程度有关，可表示为K=M×（SDD）^m。在试验的五种非标准绝缘子中，玻璃钟罩型绝缘子较好的利用了其爬电距离，而双伞型瓷绝缘子的有效爬电系数最低。

英文摘要：

Based on the DC artificial pollution tests, the flashover performances of six types of porcelain and glass insulators was analyzed and compared. The test results show that the insulators with different configuration and materials have different pollution flashover characteristics, the exponent a characterizing the influence of salt deposit density on flashover voltage depends on the configurations and materials, which varies within 0.32 and 0.55. Under the same pollution degree, the flashover voltage gradients of glass insulators are higher than those of porcelain insulators with the same configuration, while the flashover voltage gradients of outer-rib insulators are lower than those of anti-fog insulators. The effectiveness of creepage distance relates with insulator types and pollution degree, which can be denoted by K=M×（SDD）^m. For the tested five types of non-standard insulators, the anti-fog glass insulators make good use of their creepage distance, while the two-outer-rib porcelain insulators have the lowest effectiveness of creepage distance.