中文摘要：

在植物与微生物的共生体中，最广泛的互惠共生体就是丛枝菌根。真菌在植物根系形成菌根后，菌丝通过根的皮层细胞获取植物提供的碳源，同时将矿物营养和水从土壤转运到皮层细胞，这种共生过程的研究在生物多样性的保护、陆生植物的起源与演化、退化生态系统的修复与重建以及农业、林业和园艺业的应用具有重要的意义。近年来丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系建立共生关系的信号传导途径和作用机制备受关注，也取得了突破性的进展。本文对丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系在共生关系形成、营养交换以及防御方面的分子信号和细胞方面的研究进展进行综述，并对发展前景作以展望。

英文摘要：

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most widespread mutualistic symbionts among the symbionts between plants and microbes. Fungi form mycorrhizae in plant roots and the hyphae take in carbon from plants through their epidermal cells and move mineral nutrients and water from soil to their epidermal cells;this symbiosis is of high importance in studying biodiversity conservation,the origins and evolution of terrestrial plant, the rehabilitation and reconstruction of degenerated ecosystems, agriculture, horticulture and forestry. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the signaling pathway and action mechanism in the symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi and plant roots and consequentially great progresses have been made. The paper summarizes the advances in molecular signal and cytological researches concerned with symbiosis formation and nutrient exchanges between and the defenses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fuyngi and plant roots,and envisages the prospect of development.