中文摘要：

胰岛素（insulin）与胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）分别是由胰岛β细胞和肝细胞分泌的多肽类激素.它们通过结合并激活位于细胞膜上的受体酪氨酸激酶（RTKs）,发挥重要的生理作用.作为起始信号传导的第一步,胰岛素与IGF-1是如何与各自受体的膜外区域（ectodomain）结合并进一步激活受体的细胞膜内酪氨酸激酶活性一直属于科学研究的关键基础问题.本文概述了胰岛素受体家族（IR和IGF-1R）及其配体的结构与功能的特点和关系,并重点介绍了近年来国内外在胰岛素受体家族复合体结构和功能上的研究手段和取得的突破性进展.

英文摘要：

Insulin and type 1 insulin-like growth factor（IGF-1） are peptide hormones secreted by the pancreatic β-cells and liver-cells,respectively.When bind to activating the specific receptors,which belong to receptor tyrosine kinase（RTK）,insulin and IGF-1 initiate the intracellular signaling pathways,which further trigger important downstream metabolic and cellular functions.However,the very initial step for this cascade,involving the ligand binding to the receptor extracellular ectodomains,remained unclear.In this review,the structure-function relationships of the insulin/insulin receptor family and their complexes are summarized,and the latest breakthrough marked by the crystal structure determination of the receptor ectodomain is also introduced.