中文摘要：

抗肿瘤治疗发展迅速,但仍然存在许多问题,例如早期诊断困难及化疗的副反应。为解决这些问题,适配子、包括单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸受到越来越多的关注。适配子具有高度选择性、亲和力及稳定性。通过指数富集细胞配体系统进化技术（cell-SELEX）筛选到的寡核苷酸在识别病变细胞方面具有很大优势,因此,它具有应用于诊断和治疗的巨大潜力。该文综述了适配子在生物标记物的发现、肿瘤细胞富集和检测、靶向肿瘤治疗中的作用。

英文摘要：

Anticancer therapies developed rapidly ,but many problems remained,including difficulties in early detection and the side effects of chemotherapy. In order to solve these problems, aptamers, which were single - stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides have attracted considerable attention. Aptamers possessed high selectivity,affinity and stability. These oligonucleotides, which were selected by an in vitro process known as cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （ cell - SELEX）, had great merits. Therefore, they showed great potential for applications in both diagnosis and therapy. This review foensed on utilizing aptamers in cancer research, including bio- marker discovery, cancer cell enrichment and detection, targeted cancer therapy.