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饼肥与无机氮肥配施对水稻根系形态生理和产量的影响

ISSN号：1001-7283
期刊名称：作物杂志
时间：2013.8.15
页码：87-94
分类：S562[农业科学—作物学]
作者机构：[1]扬州大学农学院江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009
相关基金：国家自然科学基金重大国际合作交流项目（31061140457）;国家自然科学基金项目（31271641,31071360,31171481,31201155）;公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103003,201203079）;国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD16814）;教育部博士点基金（20123250120001）;江苏高校研究生创新工程和优势学科建设工程专项经费
相关项目：水稻品种演进过程中根系形态生理的变化及其与产量形成的关系

关键词：水稻, 饼肥, 无机氮肥, 根系, 产量, Rice , Rapeseed cake fertilizer, Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, Root, Yield

中文摘要：

以扬稻6号（籼稻）和扬辐粳8号（粳稻）为材料，设置4个处理：（T1）不施氮肥；（T2）施用无机氮；（T3）施用饼肥；（T4）饼肥与无机氮肥配施。研究饼肥与无机氮肥配施对水稻根系形态生理和产量形成的影响。结果表明：各处理的产量表现为饼肥与无机氮肥配施（T4）〉施用无机氮（他）〉施用饼肥（T3）〉不施氮肥（T1），4个处理间差异显著。饼肥与无机氮肥配施（T4）显著增加了穗数、结实率、千粒重和收获指数。饼肥与无机氮肥配施（T4）显著提高了抽穗期有效叶面积和高效叶面积、灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率以及各主要生育时期的根干重、根长、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积。表明饼肥与无机氮肥配施可以促进根部生长，进而促进地上部生长并提高产量。

英文摘要：

Using two local high-yielding cultivars, Yangdao 6 （indica） and Yangfujing 8 （japonica）, as materials, four treatments ,no N（ T1 ）, inorganic N fertilizer （T2）, rapeseed cake fertilizer （T3）, and rapeseed cake fertilizer combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer （T4）, were conducted to investigate the effect of applying rapeseed cake fertilizer combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on morphology and physiology of roots and yield of rice. Results showed that the order of grain yield was T4 〉 T2 〉 33 〉 T1, the differences among four treatments were signifi- cant. The T4 treatment significantly increased panicles,percentage of filled grains, 1000 -grain weight, and harvest index. It also significantly increased effective leaf area index and high effective leaf area index at the heading time, SPAD （soil-plant analysis department） values and photosynthetic rate during the grain filling period. Root dry weight, root length, root oxidation activity, amount of root bleeding, the total absorbing surface area, and active ab- sorbing surface area at different growth stages were greater under the T4 treatment than those of other treatments. The results suggested that application of rapeseed cake fertilizer combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer could improve root growth, and consequently enhance shoot growth and increase grain yield.

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