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泥石流源区砾石土渗透沉降综合测试设备研制及应用

ISSN号：1000-6915
期刊名称：岩石力学与工程学报
时间：2012
页码：1281-1289
分类：P642[天文地球—工程地质学;天文地球—地质矿产勘探;天文地球—地质学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041
相关基金：国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2011CB409902）; 国家自然科学基金重点项目（41030742）
相关项目：川藏交通干线环境灾害演化规律与工程风险

关键词：工程地质, 泥石流, 砾石土, 渗透系数, 沉降变形, 综合测试设备, engineering geology, debris flow, gravelly soil, permeability coefficient, settlement deformation, integrated test equipment

中文摘要：

土体的渗透和变形是岩土工程土工试验研究中的2个重要性质。由野外调查和定点观察可知,泥石流源区广泛分布着砾石土,土体渗透和沉降特性是泥石流发生的必要环节,为了有效观测泥石流源区宽级配砾石土体的渗透系数和沉降,设计研制一套渗透沉降综合测试设备。该装置由稳压供水系统、渗透沉降装载容器和测量系统3个部分组成,其主要功能特征有：（1）可量测自然状态和模拟降水条件下土体沉降变形;（2）可观察水分下渗过程并测量土体渗透系数。优化改进后的新型试验装置与传统渗透仪的试验结果对比发现,新装置满足达西定律计算土体的渗透系数,而且更大限度保留砾石土级配特性,弱化尺寸效应,结果具备良好的试验精度。运用该综合测试设备对云南蒋家沟泥石流物源的宽级配砾石土体进行渗透沉降规律测试,试验结果表明,泥石流宽级配砾石土的沉降变形、入渗深度与时间存在对数分布关系,渗透系数与孔隙比成线性正相关关系,而与土体细颗粒含量存在负幂函数关系。应用表明,该实用新型装置为宽级配砾石土渗透规律和变形特性的研究提供有效的试验工具。

英文摘要：

There are two important properties such as penetration and deformation in geotechnical engineering soil test.In order to effectively obtain the permeability coefficient and settlement of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow,a set of integrated test equipment is designed and developed.It is composed of three parts,which are water supply system at constant pressure,a device of generating permeability,and deformation and measuring system.This new device has two advantages,one is measuring the soil settlement deformation under natural state or simulated rainfall conditions,the other is observing the water infiltration process and measuring the permeability coefficient.Then,the new-type device and the traditional instrument are used to do the constant head permeability test respectively.The results show that the permeability coefficient can be calculated approximately by Darcy law.Compared with the traditional one,the new device preserves the grain composition better and weakens the size effect,which makes the measurement more reliable.Experiments show that the new device has high measuring accuracy and good applicability.And then the device is used to the test of gravelly soil in Jiangjia Gully,the results show that both settlement deformation and infiltration depth vary logarithmically with time;and the permeability coefficient and void ratio follows the linear distribution,while power function with the content of soil fine grains.The application indicates that an effective experimental tool is provided by the utility model unit for the research of gravelly soil of debris flow.

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