中文摘要：

本文就普萘洛尔治疗血管瘤涉及的一系列问题予以叙述，包括：初始治疗时间、初始治疗的心电监测、给药剂量、治疗持续时间、不良反应、复发率，发病机制及临床应用进展。

英文摘要：

Growth of graphene on semiconducting or insulating substrates can be advantageous compared with that on metal by chemical vapour deposition,in that it circumvents the post-growth transfer,which is known to introduce contaminations and defects.We demonstrate a novel proximity catalysis method to directly grow graphene on sapphire substrates.The method has benefits of no need for transferring,while it still takes advantage of metal as a catalyst.Graphene of full coverage can be grown and the domain size is approaching one micron.Study on the nucleation and growth of graphene domains sheds light on the growth mechanism.