中文摘要：

目的用二维彩色多普勒超声（2D—CDUS）和病理学检查技术检测兔单侧颈总动脉粥样硬化狭窄闭塞模型颈动脉血流动力学变化以及对脑组织微细血管和超徽结构的影响。方法新西兰大白兔分正常对照组5只（Ⅰ组）、病例组10只（Ⅱ组）。对照组正常饮食喂养，病例纽高脂喂养4周后行单侧颈动脉Ameriod环植入手术，建立单侧颈总动脉狭窄以至逐渐闭塞模型，应用高频超声检测植环前、植环后第2、3、4周颈总动脉IMT、血流动力学参数变化，与Ⅰ组进行对照。检查结束后处死动物，取脑组织进行免疫组化和电镜检查。结果Ⅰ组各项检测指标均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组兔右侧颈动脉在植环术前4周变化不明显，植环术后第2、3周血流束逐渐变细，血流速度增高，第4周血流速度降低，4周末时无血流及流速曲线显示，两组血流动力学参数差异显著（P〈0．05）；光镜观察Ⅱ组新生的微小血管较Ⅰ组增多明显，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。电镜观察脑线粒体、内质网等发生脑缺血后形态学改变。结论2D—CDUS能直观、实时检测颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄、闭塞的进展过程中的血流动力学变化，对颅外段动脉狭窄诊断具有一定意义。病理学检查技术，尤其电镜检查技术，可为临床进一步了解动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管疾病提供一定的实验基础研究。

英文摘要：

Objective To observe the hemodynamic changes by two-dimentional color Doppler ultrasonography （2D-CDUS） and cerebral mircovascular and ultrastructure of the brain by pathology on rabbit model of unilateral carotid atherosclerosis stenosis and occlusion. Methods The rabbits were divided into the control group （n=5 , group Ⅰ）, the test group （n=10, group Ⅱ）. The control group was fed with normal diet and the test group was fed with high lipofood diet. The grafting Ameroid constrictor ring was imbeded 4 week later to establish unilateral carotid atherosclerosis stenosis and occlusion model in group lI. Ultrasonography was used to detect the changes of IMT and hemodynamic parameters of carotid pre and 2, 3, 4 weeks post Arneriod constracting ring grafted, and comparde with the control group. Then the rabbits were killed and the brain were examined by immonohistochemistry and electroscope. Results All the index in group Ⅰ and in group Ⅱ of 4 weeks before the ring grafted had no significant significant difference. After the ring grafted, the width of blood flow narrowed and the velocity increased. At 4 weeks post implantation, the flow velocity decreased till the disappenrance of blood flow signal and waveform, which was significantly different from the control group （P〈0.05）. The neomicrovassds developed significantly more in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ under the microscope （P〈0.05）, accompanied with the brain ischemic morphological changes in mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum under the electroscope. Conclusion 2D-CDUS can detect the hemodynamic changes of common carotid atherosclerosis stenosis and occlusion, real-timely, which is useful in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid diseases. The pathological techniques, especial the electroscopic examination provides the experimental basis for further clinical study on the atherosclerosis and ischemic vascular diseases.