中文摘要：

改革开放三十年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的成就。与此同时，一些深层次的矛盾逐步暴露。自20世纪50年代以来，推行重工业优先发展的经济发展策略，特别是近年来宏观经济与城市化快速发展，致使中国经济增长采取高耗能方式。经济增长方式的粗放，导致能源消费增长过快和环境污染加剧。能源与环境成为中国经济增长的双重约束。转变经济增长方式势在必行，而关键点在于非再生能源资源定价改革。非再生能源资源的开发使用制度的变革，目的在于充分体现资源成本与环境成本。资源成本是需要通过完善资源的基础市场即矿业权市场隶实现的，而环境（生态）成本是需要通过资源税费制度改革实现的。最终，通过价格信号引导产业结构以及经济增长方式的彻底转变．实现经济的可持续发展。

英文摘要：

The reform and openning policy has ben put into practice for 30 years, and China has achieved excellent achievement. But at the same time, some deep -seated contradiction exposes gradually. Since 1950s, the economic development strategy is given priority to develope heavy industry, especially in recent years, macro economy and urbanlization developed rapidly, what cause Chinese economic growth mode to follow the way of high energy intensity. Because the mode of economic growth is extensive, energy consumes excessively quickly and environmental pollution has been intensified. Energy and environment has become the dual restraints of Chinese economic growth. Changing the mode of economic growth is imperative. The key point is thepricing reform of non - renewable energy resource. The goal of transformation of the using system of non- renewable energy resources is to incarnat resource cost and environmental cost fully. Resource cost needs mining right market to realize, and environment cost needs the reform of resource taxes and fees system to realize. Then the reform will guide transformation industrial structure as well as mode of economic growth through price signals.