中文摘要：

2004年欧洲航天局发射的“罗塞塔”轨道器经过10年飞行到达彗星67P／Churyumov—Gerasimenko．“罗塞塔”释放的菲莱探测器安全降落于彗星67P表面，成为首个在彗核表面着陆的探测器．着陆后菲菜开展了系列探测，顺利完成了主要的预定任务，并已传回彗星表面和浅层物质的分析数据．然而，登陆彗星后不久菲莱的主电池电量耗尽，且日照不足，太阳能电池无法支持其继续工作．“罗塞塔”和菲莱拍摄的图像显示，彗星67P表面被毫米至米尺寸的表壤和碎石覆盖．“罗塞塔”采集的彗星67P水蒸气样本的分析结果显示其水蒸气中D／H（氘氢比）约为地球海洋中水的3倍．探测小行星和彗星有助于揭示太阳系形成、地球上水的来源乃至生命起源的奥秘，还有助于减缓近地小天体灾害．虽然国内在彗星、小行星方面的研究起步较晚，但中国的小天体深空探测亦在推进之中．

英文摘要：

The Rosetta mission of the European Space Agency soft-landed its Philae probe on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, which marks the first time in history that a probe has landed on a comet. Rosetta was launched in 2004 and made a 10-year-long journey in slow pursuit of comet 67P. After mapping the surface of the duck-shaped comet, Rosetta released its small lander Philae on 12 November. Philae bounced across the comet＇s surface before settling in the shadow of a cliff. Without sufficient sunlight to recharge its batteries, Philae ran out of power quickly. Nevertheless, Philae completed a series of scientific experiments and transmitted much precious data about 67P before losing power. Rosetta is set to continue to survey the comet from a distance of a few dozen kilometers over the next year as the comet sweeps closer and closer to the Sun, during which time great filaments of dust and ice will pour from the surface of the comet. Among the discoveries made by Rosetta was the measurement that water on Comet 67P contains about three times more deuterium than water on Earth. The isotope signature of water on comet 67P is thus very different from that of water on Earth, overturning the theory that ice from comets colliding with Earth provided the water from which our oceans formed. The images taken by Rosetta and Philae show that the surface of the comet is covered by dust and debris ranging from millimeter to meter sizes. More scientific results will be released in the future. Through the investigation of small bodies in the Solar System such as comets and asteroids, we will be able to study the formation and evolution of the Solar System and to determine the origin of water and life on Earth. Although China is chasing foreign space agencies in beginning its exploration of deep space, the country has made a good start with the Chang＇e-2＇s successful fly-by of the asteroid 4179 Toutatis. Furthermore, to prevent potential damage to the Earth from near-Earth objects, China is developing a series of plans to explore