中文摘要：

为了解黄淮麦区小麦品种主要矮秆基因的分布和利用状况及其与主要农艺性状的关系,利用分子标记结合系谱分析对黄淮麦区20世纪及近年来新育成的129份小麦品种所含矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行检测,并结合田间株高、基部茎秆直径和壁厚、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及不同播期条件下的株高差等农艺性状的调查结果,分析比较了不同矮秆基因对农艺性状的影响。结果表明,129份小麦品种中,含Rht-B1b基因的品种有37份,含Rht-D1b基因的品种有73份,含Rht8基因的品种有89份,不含这3个矮秆基因的品种有6份,所占比例分别为28.68%、56.59%、68.99%和4.65%。其中,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种有1份,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht8的品种有29份,同时含Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有44份,同时含Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有1份。不同矮秆基因及其组合的品种,在小穗数、基部茎秆直径及基部茎秆壁厚等性状上无显著差异,但仅含Rht8基因的品种的千粒重、基部茎秆直径及壁厚均大于其他基因型,并且能够显著增加穗粒数。不同矮秆基因的降秆作用强度依次为Rht-D1b〉Rht-B1b〉Rht8,并具有累加效应。在不同播期条件下,除不含矮秆基因材料外仅含Rht8的品种的株高稳定性最佳,仅含Rht-B1b的品种株高稳定性最差。仅含Rht-B1b的品种小穗数最高,但千粒重却最低,并显著低于不含这3个矮秆基因的品种。以上结果表明,虽然矮秆基因Rht8的降秆作用较弱,但其对农艺性状的有利贡献较多,且在不同播期环境条件下株高稳定性较好,因此在未来小麦育种中应注重矮秆基因Rht8的利用。

英文摘要：

To find out the distribution and utilization of dwarf genes Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 in Huang-huai Valley Winter Wheat Areas and clarify their impact on main agronomic characters, 129 wheat varieties cultivated in last century and recent years of Huang-huai wheat area were classified in- to different groups according to the dwarf genes. Combined with molecular marker detection and pedi-gree analysis, the effects of dwarf genes on plant height, the diameter and wall thickness of basal stems,spikelet number, grain number per spike and the reduced plant height under different sowing dates were analyzed. The results showed that 37 varieties carried theRht-Blb allele,while 73 varieties carried the Rht-Dlb allele,and 89 varieties carried the Rht8, but six varieties did not carry any dwarf genes,accounting for 28.68%,56.59% ,68.99% and 4.65%,respectively. Among them,only one vari- ety carried dwarf alleles Rht-B1b/Rht-Dlb, and 29 varieties carried Rh t-Blb/Rh tS, and 44 varieties carriedRht-D1b/Rht8,and one variety carried all three genes. Different groups with different dwarf genes had no significant difference in spikelet number, or the diameter and wall thickness of basal stems. However,compared with other groups, the varieties only carrying Rht8 had higher diameter and wall thickness of basal stems and 1 000-grain weight than other varieties, and Rht8 could significantly in- crease grain number per ear. The height reducing capability of different dwarf genes ranged asRht-D1b 〉 Rht-B1b 〉 Rht8,which could be accumulated. Meanwhile, under different sowing dates, the varieties only withRht8 performed best except for varieties without any dwarf genes in plant height stability,while varieties just with Rht-Blb performed worst. And the varieties only with Rht-B1b had the most spikelet number but performed worst in 1 000-grain weight,which is significantly lower than that in the materials without these three genes. To summarize,the height reducing capability of dwarf gene Rht8 was lower than that of other two dwarf gen