中文摘要：

如何科学地对科技领域的基础研究能力进行国际比较是国家科技水平评估与管理亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于科技论文发表与被引记录，构建考虑影响滞后和多期影响的科技领域基础研究的“活跃指数”、“吸引指数”、“效率指数”和“综合研究能力指数”等四个相对性指标，分别用于定量比较刻画与评估各国在科技领域的基础研究活动相对于世界平均水平的努力、影响、效率和综合研究能力的水平，实现了既定观测期内同时从横向与纵向的视角分析比较国家在科技领域的基础研究能力，可用于刻画国家在科技领域的相对位置与竞争格局。本文以国家重要科技领域——储能领域为例，运用新构建的四个相对性指数评价主要国家在该领域的基础研究能力。研究发现：随着时间的推移，中国在储能研究领域的文献发表量与被引量都取得了长足的发展；在该领域的相对活跃度、影响力、效率以及综合研究能力在总体上都处于不断上升的态势；在2014年中国的相对活跃度已经超过了美国、德国、韩国与日本等发达国家，但是中国的相对影响力、效率和综合研究能力与上述发达国家相比仍然存在一定的距离。本文的实证研究为全面了解主要国家在全球储能基础研究领域的竞争发展态势提供了新的参考及依据，侧面验证了我国主要科技领域呈现出“大而不强”、从“数量”显著迈向“质量”提升的基础研究发展现状和阶段。

英文摘要：

How to scientifically make the international comparison of the basic research capacity in a particular science ＆ technology （S＆T） field is an issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the assessment of S＆T activities for a country. Based on the publication and citation information of S＆T papers, four indexes including activity index （AcI） , attractive index （Atl） , efficiency index （El） and composite capacity index （CCI）are constructed with consideration of the time lag in influence as well as multi -period influnces, which are used to measure the countries＇ relative research efforts, impacts, efficiency and the composite research capability, respec- tively, versus the world average level in the S＆T field. In this manner, the transverse and longitudinal comparison of the countries＇ basic research capacity can be implemented simultaneously for tracking their relative international competitive positions and the overall competitive landscape in a particular S＆T field during certain period. Besides, this paper employs these four indexes to evaluate the basic research capacities of leading countries in the field of energy storage, one of the eountry＇s key S＆T fields, and finds that China＇ s SCI paper publications and citations have obtained considerable improvement, and its relative values of research activity, impact, ef- ficiency and composite research capability have been on the rise as time going. China was more active than the developed countries in- cluding USA, South Korea, Germany and Japan in the basic research field of energy storage in 2014. However, China＇ s relative research impact, efficiency and composite research capability were still lower than that of the developed countries discussed above. In summary,this empirical study offers some new reference for getting a comprehensive understanding of international competitiveness of leading countries in the basic research field of energy storage, and indirectly reveals the status quo that China＇ s internationa