中文摘要：

目的：研究灵长类动物胫神经和腓总神经再生能力差异。方法：健康成年恒河猴16只,分为A、B两组,每组8只,使用刀片切割完全损伤胫神经和腓总神经,后立即予神经外膜缝合,在术后3周、8周分别取A、B组胫神经和腓总神经吻合口远、近端神经组织行Luxol Fast Blue染色,观察胫神经和腓总神经远端、近端轴突数目,计算轴突密度,远端轴突密度/近端轴突密度为神经再生通过率。结果：术后3周和8周时,胫神经和腓总神经相比,胫神经在远端轴突密度、神经通过率等指标上,胫神经愈后优于腓总神经（P〈0.05）。结论：坐骨神经神经损伤修复后,胫神经轴突通过吻合口的通过率较腓总神经高,吻合口远端有更多的神经轴突,其靶器官有更多的神经纤维支配,这是导致坐骨神经损伤修复后胫神经功能恢复较腓总神经功能恢复好的重要原因之一。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the different regeneration ability of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve after repair in Primate. Methods： Sixteen adult rhesus monkeys were divided into A, B groups and each group contained eight rhesus monkeys respectively. The sciatic nerve was cut by knife completely and was repaired immediately with 9-0 suture. The distal and proximal stump of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were harvested at 3 weeks and 8 weeks after the surgery respectively. The samples were stained with Luxol Fast Blueand the number of axon was counted and the passing rate of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve was calculated. Results： The density and the passing rate of axon were obviously higher in tibial nerve than that in common peroneal nerve （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions： The axonal regeneration of tibial nerve is better and quicker and the passing rate of axons in anastomotic stoma is higher in tibial nerve compared with common peroneal nerve, which is the reason that leads to different healing results of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve.