中文摘要：

在无线传感器网络中应用虚拟骨干，可以有效地节约能量、减少干扰、延长网络寿命，在几何路由算法和网络拓扑控制等方面具有广泛的应用．虚拟骨干可以模型化为图中的连通控制集．主要从近似算法角度介绍连通控制集及其各种变形在国内外的研究现状及最新进展，侧重于研究方法和理论结果，为相关研究人员提供参考．

英文摘要：

Using virtual backbone in wireless sensor network can effectively save energy, reduce interference, and prolong lifetime, which has a wide application in the field of geometric routing and topology control. Virtual backbone can be modeled as a connected dominating set （CDS） in a graph. This paper introduces the state of art of approximation algorithms on CDS and its variations. The focus is put on theoretical results and methods. The purpose is to provide a reference for researchers who are interested in this field.