中文摘要：

高频地波雷达的精确测向是该领域的难题,现有测向方法存在测向不准确、运算量较大等问题。本文对阵列式高频地波雷达比幅测向的公式进行了推导,得出了比幅测向定理。区别于传统的比幅测向方法,本文方法没有用高斯函数近似方向图,而是在真实方向图基础上推导得出了测向新方法,该方法能够从数学上给出各个方位的精确解。用这两种方法对模拟来波数据和高频地波雷达实测数据进行测向分析,并将实测数据测向结果与合作船只的同步实测自动识别系统（AIS）数据比较分析,结果表明本文方法测向误差更小,验证了本文方法的有效性。

英文摘要：

The precise direction finding for high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR） is a difficult problem. The conventional methods of direction finding have several problems, such as inaccuracy of di- rection finding, lower computation efficiency. In this paper, an amplitude comparison theorem based on the amplitude comparison formula of array HFSWR is derived. The proposed method does not use the ap- proximate pattern of Gaussian function but the real pattem, which is different from the traditional ampli- tude comparison method. The proposed method can give the exact solution of arbitrary azimuth of the tar- get. Both the new algorithm and the traditional one are applied to process the simulation data to show the effectiveness by analyzing the direction finding results. It shows that the proposed algorithm is more accu- rate compared with traditional methods. Moreover, the field experiment results demonstrate that the pro- posed method performs better than the conventional method in terms of direction finding accuracy by pro- cessing the HFSWR measured data based on the cooperative vessels＇ AIS information.