中文摘要：

【目的】分析5只亚成体大熊猫肠道真菌的多样性。【方法】采用基于ITS基因的RFLP（Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism）方法,对肠道真菌总DNA进行ITS-RFLP分析,构建ITS克隆文库,然后用HhaI、HaeIII进行酶切指纹图谱分析,测序并绘制系统进化树。【结果】研究表明,5只亚成体大熊猫肠道真菌主要由Ascomycota（平均占46.24%）、Basidiomycota（平均占15.79%）2个门和一些未分类（平均占29.14%）、未培养（平均占8.83%）的真菌。其中,Ascomycota主要以Saccharomycetes（平均占63.74%）和Dothideomycetes（平均占35.91%）2个纲为主;Basidiomycota主要以Tremellomycetes（平均占65.80%）和Microbotryomycetes（平均占33.15%）2个纲为主。而这4个纲分别则主要以Candida、Debaryomyces;Pleosporales、Myriangium;Cystofilobasidium、Trichosporon;Leucosporidium、Leucosporidiella八个菌属为主,各样品中所占比例不等。【结论】亚成体大熊猫肠道内存在一定比例的真菌菌群,且ITS-RFLP技术能够很好地对其多样性进行分析。真菌的发现扩大了我们对大熊猫肠道微生物结构的了解,同时也有助于我们进一步研究真菌能否帮助大熊猫消化高纤维素食物。

英文摘要：

[ Objective ] The fungi diversity in the guts of five sub-adult giant pandas was analyzed. [ Method ] We analyzed the fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences （ITS） using restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）. ITS regions were amplified with fungal universal primers to construct ITS clone libraries. The fingerprints were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using the Hha I and Hae Ⅲ enzymes. The cloned PCR products were analyzed by sequencing and diversities were demonstrated by phylogenetic tree. [ Results] The gut fungi of 5 sub-aduh giant pandas were mainly composed of Ascomycota （ average of 46.24% ） , Basidiomycota （ average of 15.79% ） , unclassified （ average of 29. 14% ） , uncultured fungus （ average of 8.83% ）. Ascomycota was mainly composed of Saccharomycetes （ average of 63.74% ） and Dothideomycetes （ average of 35.91% ） ; Basidiomycota was mainly composed of Tremellomycetes （ average of 65.80% ） and Microbotryomycetes （average of 33.15% ）. Four classes were mainly composed of Candida and Debaryomyces; Pleosporales and Myriangium; Cystofilobasidium and Trichosporon; Leucosporidium, and Leucosporidiella, whereas the proportions were different for each sample. [ Conclusion ] Fungal flora existing in the intestines of sub-adult giant pandas expand our knowledge on the structure of the giant panda gut microbes and also help us to further study whether fungal flora can help giant pandas digest high-fiber foods.