中文摘要：

硅藻是水生生态系统健康的指示生物之一,对环境变化极为敏感,某些典型硅藻已应用于指示水体重金属污染.本文围绕地表水重金属污染,从毒性效应、生物吸附和累积、生态适应机制及生物指示与生态修复作用等方面,综述了硅藻重金属污染生态学研究进展,阐述重金属污染下硅藻的生长趋势和硅壳形态的变化,硅藻对重金属生物吸附和生物累积的差别,硅藻对重金属的表面络合和离子交换等生态适应机制,以及硅藻对水体重金属污染的指示作用和生态修复作用,为水生生态系统的重金属污染防治与预警技术提供科学依据.

英文摘要：

Diatom,due to its high sensitivity to environmental change,is one of the bio-indicators of aquatic ecosystem health,and some typical diatom species have been applied to indicate the heavy metals pollution of water body.With the focus on the surface water heavy metals pollution,this paper reviewed the research advances in the toxic effect of heavy metals pollution on diatom,biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by diatom,ecological adaptation mechanisms of diatom to heavy metals pollution,and roles of diatom as bio-indicator and in ecological restoration of heavy metals pollution.The growth tendency of diatom and the morphological change of frustule under heavy metals pollution as well as the differences in heavy metals biosorption and bioaccumulation by diatom,the ecological adaptation mechanisms of diatom on heavy metals surface complexation and ion exchange,and the roles of diatom as bio-indicator and in ecological restoration of heavy metals polluted water body were also discussed.This review could provide scientific evidences for the prevention of aquatic ecosystems heavy metals pollution and related early warning techniques.