中文摘要：

设计并搭建了半球空间内收发同轴的目标表面后向散射特性测量系统,以1 550 nm线偏振、窄线宽激光为光源,在0°~±60°入射角度范围内,通过对具有不同表面微观形貌（研磨、立铣和平铣加工表面）的典型粗糙度比较样块进行后向散射特性的测量,探讨了入射光偏振方向、入射方位角、入射角和表面微观形貌的变化对后向散射特性的影响,分析了这些影响产生的原因,并分析了后向散射场偏振特性的变化。结果表明这些影响因子均对表面后向散射特性产生规律性影响,既有共性规律,也有个性规律.其中,表面微观形貌又决定着入射方位角、入射角等变量变化时对后向散射场能量分布及偏振性质的改变所产生的影响。这一结果为无合作目标测量领域及其他表面测量特性研究领域提供参考及应用价值。

英文摘要：

The measurement system of the surface backscattering characteristic was designed and setup in this paper. The send and receive in system was coaxial inhemisphere space. The laser is 1 550 nm linear po-larization and narrow linewidth. The backscattering characteristic of grinding, vertical milling and plain milling samples with different surface microstructure was measured at different incidence angles from 0° to ±60°.The effect of the incident light polarization direction, azimuth angle, incidence angle and the surface microstructure on the backscattering was discussed. The reasons of these effects and the change of backscat-tering characteristic were analyzed. It was found that the incident light polarization direction, azimuth angle,incidence angle and the surface microstructure had regularity effect on the backscattering. They had both the common law, also had individual character. Surface microstructure determined the backscattering energy distribution and polarization characteristic with the change of incidence azimuth and angles. This result shall provide the reference value to the research of cooperation target measurement field and other surface mea-suring field.