中文摘要：

过去的半个多世纪，尽管公共卫生、临床心脏病学的发展和新的治疗药物的发现使得心血管疾病的死亡率逐渐下降，全球范围内依然有30％的死亡南心血管疾病导致，超过包括癌症在内的其他所有疾病。

英文摘要：

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is one of the most important diseases threatening human health worldwide. Atherosclerosis （AS） is the common pathological change of a broad spectrum of lethal CVDs such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Pharmaceutical treatment based on early diagnosis of vulnerahle plaques is the most effective strategy for the management of AS. Unfortunately, accurate diagnosis and effective therapy of AS by traditional reagents have been largely limited due to critical issues such as low resolution/sen- sitivity, low drug concentration at diseased sites, and severe side effects. Rapid development in nanomedicine has offered great promise for the targeted therapy of AS. This review summarized the state-of-the-art of nanosys- tems for molecular imaging and targeted therapy of AS. Future development in this field was also discussed.