中文摘要：

蝙蝠通过调节回声定位声波特征来满足自身的感官需求,表现出回声定位声波的可塑性及其对生态环境与需求的适应。声波频率、强度、脉冲持续时间和间隔时间等特征与蝙蝠所处的生态位密切相关,声波可塑性在蝙蝠进化过程中起着至关重要的作用。本文结合马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）和大趾鼠耳蝠（Myotis macrodactylus）回声定位声波可塑性的研究,从回声定位声波的方向性、目标距离、环境复杂度和应对干扰4个方面总结了蝙蝠如何通过改变回声定位声波特征来满足自身在导航和捕捉猎物过程中的感官需求与生态适应,并阐述了回声定位声波可塑性的研究现状,为开展蝙蝠声学和行为学研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Bat species adjust the acoustic characteristics of echolocation calls to meet the sensory demand,showing their acoustic plasticity and adaptability to the ecological environment. Frequency,intensity,pulse duration and interval characteristics are closely related to a bat’s niche,and acoustic plasticity in bats plays a vital role in the process of evolution. In this paper,combined with the recent research on echolocation acoustic plasticity of greater horseshoe bat （Rhinolophus ferrumequinum） and big-footed myotis （Myotis macrodactylus）,we summarize bat’s adjustment of echolocation acoustic characteristics to satisfy their sensory demand,and their ecological adaptability to implement navigation and capture prey from echolocation sound wave direction,target distance,environmental complexity and interference factors. We also illustrate the research status of echolocation acoustic plasticity. Our review lends theoretical support to further research on bats acoustics and ethology.