中文摘要：

以海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长期定位试验为平台,选择了5个不同施肥处理,包括无肥（CK）,单施氮肥（N）,氮肥＋有机肥（N＋OM）,氮、磷、钾配合施用（NPK）,氮、磷、钾＋有机肥（NPK＋OM）,研究了连续27年不同施肥处理对大豆生长和产量的影响。结果表明：长期施用有机肥能够明显增加大豆株高和荚数,并且能增加植株的生长速度,氮磷钾肥配合施用能增加大豆根瘤干重和根瘤数,而有机肥对根瘤的作用不显著。与单施化肥和无肥相比,施用有机肥处理大豆的根冠比较小,说明有机肥能够促进地上部干物质的积累。长期施肥对大豆产量构成因子的影响表现为：NPK＋OM〉NPK〉N＋OM〉N〉CK,大豆产量也表现出相似趋势,说明有机肥的施用能够改善大豆的产量性状,同时氮肥配施有机肥的大豆产量低于氮、磷、钾平衡施肥的处理,说明在东北黑土区有机肥不能代替磷钾肥施用。

英文摘要：

To study the effect of long-term fertilization on growth and yield of soybean, a field experiment was conducted for twenty-seven years in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results indicated that long-term application of organic manure could significantly increase plant height and the number of pod ,with high growth rate. More nod- ulation （both the number and biomass）were observed in the plots received NPK,but both of these were not significant in NPK ＋ OM. Soybean received NPK ＋ OM obtained lest root-shoot ratio, compared with other treatments, indicating that organic fertil- izer application combined with NPK could promote the root growth of soybean. The soybean yield components was shown in de- creasing order of NPK ＋ OM 〉 NPK 〉 N ＋ OM 〉 N 〉 CK, the similar trend was found in the yield of soybean, which indicated that long-term combinating application of organic manure and N, P, K fertilizer could increase the yield of soybean. P and K fertilizer could not be replaced by organic manure in study area deriving from the comparative yield of soybean between N ＋ OM and NPK.