星形胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统数量最多的细胞,它在脑缺血中发生增殖、肥大,特异性标记物胶原纤维酸性蛋白和波形蛋白表达明显增加。星形胶质细胞在缺血状态下具有较强的耐受力,可通过多种途径保护神经元。并且它也通过产生兴奋性氨基酸、炎症介质,降低缝隙连接等损伤神经元。因此,星形胶质细胞在脑缺血中起着损伤和保护脑组织的双重作用。明确星形胶质细胞在脑缺血中的作用及其机制,可能将为脑缺血的治疗提供新的靶点。
Astrocytes,the major glial cells in the central nervous system,proliferate and hypertrophy,expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin significantly increase in cerebral ischemia.Astrocytes have a stronger tolerance in ischemia and protect neurons through multiple pathways.On the other hand,astrocytes injure neuron by releasing excitatory amino acids, inflammatory mediators and decreasing gap junction.Therefore,astrocyte has a dual role in ischemic injury.Clarifying the role of astrocyte in cerebral ischemia and its mechanism may provide a novel target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.