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中文摘要：
断层或盐体悬伸侧翼等陡倾角构造可以产生棱柱波，当地震波的速度随着深度线性增加时则会产生回折波，这两类地震特殊波包含了一次反射波所不能反映的地下构造的信息。逆时偏移是一种成像精度高和能够处理强横向速度变化的双程波动方程偏移方法，不对方程进行近似，能够对高陡构造进行准确成像，其应用越来越广泛。本文将逆时偏移和棱柱波、回折波相结合，充分利用棱柱波和回折波的信息，探索了逆时偏移成像特殊波的能力，分析了逆时偏移成像棱柱波时对速度场精度的要求，用棱柱波来描述盐丘侧翼的垂直边界。同时分析了不同成像奈件下逆时偏移成像回折波的效果，并用回折波成像盐体内部和盐体遮挡下构造。
英文摘要：
The structures with steep dip angles such as fault or salt body＇s overhanging flanks can produce prism waves. When the seismic wave＇s velocity increases linearly with the depth, the diving waves can be generated. These two special waves contain the underground structures information the primaries do not have. Reverse-time migration is a two-way wave equation migration method with high imaging precision and can deal with strong lateral velocity variation. Without equation approximation, RTM can accurately image the high-steep structures. So its application is more and more widely. This article combines RTM with the prism waves and the diving waves to explore the RTM ＇ s imaging ability for the special waves. We make full use of the information of the prism and diving waves. We analyze the accuracy requirement of the velocity field of the prism reverse-time migration and use prism waves to describe the vertical boundary of the salt dome flanks, At the same time, we analyze the imaging effect of the diving wave reverse-time migration under different imaging conditions. The diving waves can image the structures in or under the salt body.
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