中文摘要：

目前高速公路车辆碰撞事故发生率居高不下,但相关研究成果主要集中在基于前后距离测量的单车碰撞预警,无法避免车辆连环碰撞。车辆连环碰撞预警的主要技术难题是车辆的精确定位问题,因为高速公路存在缺少电源、车辆高速移动、不相邻车辆的非视距,以及海量设备安装维护的低成本要求等限制,造成定位困难。为此,提出了基于超宽带（Ultra Wideband,UWB）无源射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,RFID）相对定位和基于自差分卫星的绝对定位方法,二者协同工作实现高速公路车辆的精确定位。研究成果可用于车辆连环碰撞预警、物联网及其他高精度位置服务领域。

英文摘要：

Currently, highway vehicle collision accident rate remains high, but the related research mainly focuses on single-vehi- cle collision warning based-on ranging of adjacent vehicles, which is not a good way to avoid the chain collision. The main tech- nical challenge of chain collision warning is precise positioning of vehicles. This challenge arises from special restrictions on highway such as lack of power supply, high speed of vehicles, non-line-of-sight of nonadjacent vehicles, low-cost requirement of massive equipment installation and maintenance, etc. In order to address these challenges, a hybrid positioning approach is proposed. The scheme is that, both the relative positioning based on UWB passive RFID and the absolute positioning based on the self-differential satellite signal work collaboratively, and then the precise positioning of the vehicle on highway can be a- chieved. The research results can be used for vehicle chain collision warning, Internet of things and other areas of high-preci- sion location-based services.