中文摘要：

根据芦山7.0级地震芦山县老城区房屋建筑的震害现场调查资料,进行震害特征与因素研究。结果表明：典型的房屋建筑震害特征包括砖混结构、砖木结构和砖石结构房屋全部或者部分倒塌、墙体错动和贯通开裂以及房顶瓦片滑落等,框架结构房屋构造柱变形、断裂和墙体开裂等;房屋建筑遭到破坏的内在因素包括缺少圈梁和构造柱、荷载分布不当、选址不规范等;其破坏成因机理可以归结为近场大震强地震动作用、局部场地效应、行波效应和施工质量较差等。同时,讨论了砖混结构、砖木结构、框架结构和砖石结构抗震设计的加固方法和改善抗震性能的构造措施等,为房屋建筑抗震设防和减轻震害损失等提供参考。

英文摘要：

Based on the field investigation data, we research the damage characteristic of buildings and its formation mechanism in the Lushan old city induced by Lushan Ms7. 0 earthquake. It is found that the typical damage characteristic of the building with brick concrete, brick wood and masonry structure mainly includes the whole or local collapse of the building, drifting and displacing of the walls, penetration cracking the walls, and roof tiles sliding. On the other hand, the typical damage characteristic of the building with frame structure is deformation and fracture of constructional column and walls cracking. The main interior factors of buildings damages are lack of ring beam and constructional column, improper load distribution, and non-standard construction site etc.. The formation mechanism of the destroyed buildings is summarized as follow： the strong motion action of large earthquake in near-field, the local site effect, the traveling wave effect and poor construction qualities of the buildings etc.. The reinforcement methods reaching to seismic fortification design and measures of improving anti-seismic capacity of four structures building are also discussed, which could offer reference to the earthquake fortification of the building and the reduction of damage loss.