中文摘要：

综述了被动采样技术作为放生萃取方法在测定沉积物中有机污染物的生物可利用性和毒性中的应用。对比了半渗透膜装置、聚乙烯膜装置、聚甲醛树脂萃取和固相微萃取这些常见被动采集技术在使用过程中的优缺点，并针对被采集养技术应用中的问题，提出可能的解决手段和研究需求。

英文摘要：

Passive sampling techniques have been used as biomimetic extraction methods to measure the bioavailability and toxicity of organic contaminants in sediment. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used passive samplers including semi-permeable membrane device, polyethylene device, polyoxymethylene and solid-phase microextraction are reported. The challenges of using passive samplers in sediment risk assessment are discussed, and the possible solutions and future studies are also proposed.