中文摘要：

综述了在过去的几年中，我们研究组利用紫外拉曼以及共振拉曼光谱技术在含过渡金属的微孔和介孔材料中活性位结构的表征．分子筛合成机理以及氧化物表面相结构研究中取得的进展．微孔-介孔材料骨架中超低含量的孤立的过渡金属离子或氧化物包括TS-1，Ti—MCM．41，Fe—ZSM-5，Fe-SBA-15和V-MCM-41等能够通过紫外拉曼光谱可靠、准确地鉴别出来．利用紫外拉曼可避开荧光和增加灵敏度的特点，利用自行设计的可用于原位研究水热合成过程的原位紫外拉曼光谱池，对几种典型分子筛（X型分子和Fe-ZSM-5）的合成过程实现了拉曼光谱研究．结果表明，紫外拉曼光谱可以灵敏地检测出合成前体、中间物以及分子筛晶体的演化过程．此外，通过共振拉曼光谱研究了Fe／ZSM-5上的活性中心以及活性氧物种．结果表明，这种具有高活性的氧物种是一种双原子铁物种上的过氧离子，反应的中间物种类似于单加氧酶中的铁络合物．紫外拉曼光谱对氧化锆和氧化钛等氧化物的研究中发现，氧化物的表面与体相结构不同．这一发现对于催化材料的研究有着非常重要的意义，因为大多数的催化材料性质主要取决于它的表面结构．例如，在氧化钛体系中，将用紫外拉曼光谱鉴定出的表面物相信息与氧化钛光催化活性相关联，提出了“锐钛矿-金红石表面异相结增强光催化活性”的新概念．

英文摘要：

UV Raman spectroscopy is becoming a powerful technique for catalysis as well as many other fields such as chemistry, physics, biology, and material science mainly because it can avoid the fluorescence interference occurring in visible Raman spectra and concurrently enhance the Raman signal owing to the short wavelength and resonance Raman effect. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic characterization using UV Raman spectroscopy, including the characterization of highly dispersed transition metal oxides on supports, transition metal ions in the framework of microporous and mesoporous materials, the synthesis mechanism of zeolites, and the surface phase of metal oxide catalysts. One of the advances is the successful identification of highly isolated transition metal ions incorporated in the framework of microporous and mesoporous materials such as TS-1, Ti-MCM-41, Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-SBA-15, and V-MCM-41 base on the UV resonance Raman effect. Moreover, in an effort to gain a greater understanding of the formation mechanism of zeolites, we have recently developed an apparatus capable of studying hydrothermal reactions in situ UV Raman spectroscopy by taking the advantage of UV Raman spectroscopy. The synthesis mechanism ofmicroporous materials （such as zeolite X and Fe-ZSM-5） has been investigated, which can sensitively detect the precursors and intermediates evolved in the synthesis solution and gels. In addition, the active sites and the structure of Fe-ZSM-5 with highly dispersed transition metal oxides on zeolite supports have been studied through resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the active oxygen species have been identified as the peroxide bridged di-nuclear iron species, and the reaction intermediates bear a degree of resemblance to the iron complex in soluble methane monooxygenase （sMMO）. Another finding by UV Raman spectroscopy is that the phase transformation in the surface region of most metal oxide nanoparticles （such as ZrO2 and TiO2） is remarkably differe