技术系统涉及微观层级的企业技术系统,中观层级的产业(区域)技术系统以及宏观层级的国家技术系统等三层结构,各层之间相互交织、影响、共同演化。运用耗散结构理论和"遗传—变异—选择"研究范式分析了技术系统多层级共同演化的动力机制。微观异质性导致技术创新多样性、高层级技术系统对低层级系统的环境选择以及低层级技术系统的适应选择构成多层级系统的多向选择机制;同一层级技术系统间的竞争合作关系、上下层级技术系统间的生成和选择关系构成多层级互动机制,这些机制共同推动技术积累(遗传)在层级间逐级传递、技术创新(变异)从低层级到高层级的递进扩张,以及环境选择从高层级到低层级的递进缩减,从而推动技术系统多层级共同演化。
The technology system is multi-level system composed of three coupled systems at different levels including microcosmic enterprise one,macroscopic industry or one,and macroscopically national one.The multi-level technology system has co-evolution process between different systems.Using the dissipative structure theory and Darwin's Genetic-Variation-Selection,the mechanism for multi-level coevolution of technology system is analyzed.Diversity of technology innovations led by heterogeneity of the enterprise technology system,selection including environment selection and adaptive options,and interaction between systems are the main mechanisms for promoting jointly multi-level coevolution processes.The coevolution processes include three intertwined processes with one of technology accumulation transmitting progressively,one of technology innovation spread from lower to higher,and another one of environment selection from higher to lower.