中文摘要：

目的改进清醒大鼠固定技术,提高成组实验大鼠尾静脉穿刺效率。方法采用聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯材料自制四联大鼠固定器。40只成年雄性SD大鼠（262±15 g）随机分成A、B两组,每组20只,A组使用自制四联固定器,B组使用市售有机玻璃大鼠固定器。在清醒状态下由单人操作行尾静脉穿刺并注射生理盐水200μL,完成大鼠固定、尾静脉水浴加温、穿刺注射、压迫止血的全过程。观察并记录穿刺时间、总操作时间、大鼠躁动次数等指标。结果 A组一次穿刺成功率80%,穿刺时间（9.25±3.70）s,总操作时间（47.05±4.65）s,大鼠躁动次数（1.4±0.8）次;B组一次穿刺成功率85%,穿刺时间（9.95±4.38）s,总操作时间（122.45±7.71）s,大鼠躁动次数（2.5±1.2）次。结论自制四联大鼠固定器结构简单,使用方便,明显缩短尾静脉穿刺点操作时间,提高了大鼠配合度及穿刺操作效率,是一种安全有效的设计。

英文摘要：

Objective To improve fixation methods and tail vein puncture efficiency in conscious rats group.Methods A new four combined holder was designed and made of materials of polystyrene and Polyvinyl chloride. SD rats were randomly divided into A group and B group,twenty rats in each group. Rats in group A fixed by a self-made four combined holder,and rats in group B fixed by common fixture made of organic glass which was commercially available. Then the tail vein injection experiment was conducted respectively by one people. Results It took（ 9. 25 ± 3. 70） seconds in group A and（ 9. 95 ± 4. 38） seconds in group B to finish the experiment from puncture to see blood return in syringe,and took（ 47. 05 ±4. 65） seconds in group A and（ 122. 45 ±7. 71） seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to finish the injection. Futhermore,it was observed（ 1. 4 ± 0. 8） times in group A and（ 2. 5 ± 1. 2） times in group B with agitation.Conclusions The new four combined rat holder has simple structure,being easy to use,which could significantly shorten the tail vein puncture time and improve the efficiency of the cooperation degree of rats and puncture operation.