中文摘要：

为了揭示炭化温度和时间对生物质炭特性及元素组成的影响,以棉花秸秆为生物质炭制作原料,对比研究不同炭化温度（300、450、600℃）和时间（0.5、1、2、4、6h）制备的棉秆炭的pH值、阳离子交换量（CEC）、电导率等特性及有机碳、氮和矿质元素含量及其间的相互关系。结果表明：棉秆炭化出炭率、棉秆炭有机碳含量随炭化温度的升高和时间的延长而降低（出炭率：48.66%（300℃）〉35.39%（450℃）〉31.06%（600℃）,有机碳：564.02g/kg（300℃）〉405.94g/kg（450℃）〉259.36g/kg（600℃）;在300℃下,pH值随着时间的延长而增大,450℃和600℃下基本保持在10.5左右;电导率随炭化温度的升高而增加,在炭化时间内变化不明显,且炭化温度300～450℃对棉秆炭的电导率影响相对较小,600℃影响较大;CEC随炭化温度的升高而降低,在300℃下随炭化时间的延长而增大,450和600℃下则降低。棉秆炭中全磷,全钾,速效钾,钙,镁含量随着温度的升高和时间的延长逐渐增加,全氮和碱解氮则相反,速效磷含量则表现出90.07mg/kg（450℃）〉60.72mg/kg（600℃）〉20.18mg/kg（300℃）的变化趋势。炭化温度和时间与棉秆炭指标间相关分析表明,炭化温度和时间与出炭率、CEC、有机碳、全氮和碱解氮间呈负相关,与pH值、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、钙和镁含量呈正相关。综合分析,低温短时间（300℃,1～2h）制备的棉秆炭对农业利用预期效应较好,该研究结论为新疆棉秆炭的制备和农业利用提供理论依据和数据支撑。

英文摘要：

In order to reveal the influences of carbonizing temperature （300℃, 450℃, 600℃） and time （0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h） on the characteristics and compositions of biochar, we studied the characteristics of biochar, such as pH, Cation Exchange Capacity （CEC）, EC,etc. and both element composition, such as organic carbon, nitrogen and mineral element contents, and their relationships with cotton stalk-char made by the cotton stalk. The results showed that （1） the ratio of carbon of stalk, organic carbon content of cotton stalk-char decreased with the carbonization temperature and time increasing （the ratio of cotton stalk-char of cotton stalk： 48.66% （300℃）〉35.39%（450℃）〉31.06%（600℃）. With the time extended, the pH value of the cotton stalk-char was increased below 300 , and it kept around 10.5 at 450 and 600 . The EC increased with the carbonization temperature℃ ℃ ℃increasing, and its change was not obvious in carbonization time. The carbonization temperature between 300℃and 450 imposed less on EC, but at 600 the imposition was enormous. The CEC of the cotton stalk℃ ℃ -char decreased with the carbonization temperature increasing. Its value increased at 300 with the carbon℃ ization time extended, however, this trend disappeared at 450 and 600 . （2） The contents of total phosphorus（TP）, total℃ ℃potassium（TK）, available potassium（AK）, calcium（Ca） and magnesium（Mg） in cotton stalk-char were increased with the carbonization temperature increasing and time extending, but the total nitrogen（TN） and alkaline nitrogen（AN） were negative, and the changing tendency was 90.07 mg/kg（450℃）〉60.72 mg/kg（600℃）〉20.18 mg/kg（300℃） for available phosphorus （AP）. （3） The correlations among carbonization temperature, time and indicators of cotton stalk-char showed that it was negative between carbonization temperature or carbonization time and the ratio of carbon, cotton stalk, CEC, organic carbon, TN , AN of cotton