中文摘要：

目的 研究土地利用与土地覆被构型及其变化与鼠疫流行之间的关系.方法 选择内蒙古赤峰市的市区及敖汉旗、阿鲁科尔沁旗、翁牛特旗作为达乌尔黄鼠疫源地的典型区域,收集鼠密度和动物鼠疫流行资料,以及1986、1995、2000年土地利用数据.以鼠密度高低和动物鼠疫是否流行作为衡量鼠疫流行风险大小的指标.利用ArcGIS 9.3软件计算土地类型结构百分比、综合土地覆被变化度（R总）、鼠疫适宜生境草地的分离度指数,采用对比分析的方法,研究土地利用、土地覆被变化与鼠疫流行之间的关系.结果1982-2000年,赤峰市市区和敖汉旗的鼠密度均＜0.4只/hm2,未监测到动物鼠疫的流行,属于鼠疫流行低风险区;1982-2000年阿鲁科尔沁旗的鼠密度＞1.0只/hm2,监测到动物鼠疫的流行,属于鼠疫流行高风险区;1982-1990年翁牛特旗鼠密度均＜0.3只/hm2,1991年以后,鼠密度升高,其中,1991、1995-1997年鼠密度均＞1.0只/hm2,并监测到动物鼠疫的流行,亦属于鼠疫流行高风险区;1986、1995及2000年,翁牛特旗、阿鲁科尔沁旗草地面积比例（51.36％、49.14％、48.28％,56.97％、57.48％、57.44％）均高于赤峰市市区和敖汉旗（35.99％、33.24％、32.95％,38.94％、34.46％、31.31％）,而耕地面积（16.81％、18.78％、20.22％,13.28％、14.92％、15.15％）均低于赤峰市市区和敖汉旗（39.73％、42.25％、42.67％,41.21％、43.99％、49.53％）;1986与1995年、1995与2000年比较,敖汉旗R总最大,分别为0.53、1.11,而阿鲁科尔沁旗R总均最小,分别为0.22、0.05;阿鲁科尔沁旗草地分离度指数最低,1986、1995及2000年分别为0.29、0.28、0.29;敖汉旗草地分离度指数较高,并呈上升趋势,1986、1995及2000年分别为0.57、0.69、0.71.结论 土地利用与土地覆被类型的结构和空间格局与鼠疫流行之间有一定的关联.

英文摘要：

Objective To study the relationship between land use/cover structure and changes and risk of plague prevalence.Methods Chifeng,Aohan,Alukeerqin and Wengniute were selected as typical areas of Spermophilus Dauricus plague foci in Inner Mongolia,density of Spermophilus Dauricus,plague epidemic and land use data in 1986,1995,2000 were collected,and risk of plague prevalence was represented by the density of Spermophilus Dauricus and epizooty of Spermophilus Dauricus.The percentage of land type structure,change degree of integrated land cover,division index of grassland for plague suitable habitat were calculated with ArcGIS 9.3.The relationship between the land use,cover change and the plague epidemic were analyzed by the methods of comparative.Results From 1982 to 2000,the density of Spermophilus Dauricus was lower than 0.4/hm2 and no epizooty of Spermophilus Dauricus was observed both in Aohan Banner and Chifeng City,which indicated low risk of plague prevalence.Contrarily,from 1982 to 2000,the density of Spermophilus Dauricus was higher than 1.0/hm2,and epizooty of Spermophilus Dauricus was prevalent in Alukerqin Banner,which implied high risk of plague prevalence.In Wenguiute Banner,the density of Spermophilus Dauricus was lower than 0.3/hm2 from 1982 to 1990,after then showed a rising trend,reached higher than 1.0/hm2 in 1991,1995-1997,and epizooty of Spermophilus Dauricus was also monitored,which denoted high risk of plague prevalence;In 1986,1995 and 2000,the proportions of grassland of Wengniute Banner,Alukerqinqi Banner （51.36%,49.14%,48.28%;56.97%,57.48%,57.44%） were much higher than Chifeng and Aohan Banner （35.99%,33.24%,32.95%;38.94%,34.46%,31.31%）,but those of arable land （16.81%,18.78%,20.22%;13.28%,14.92%,15.15%） were lower than Chifeng and Aohan Banner （39.73%,42.25%,42.67%;41.21%,43.99%,49.53%）.The highest of comprehensively dynamic degree of land cover changes appeared in Aohan Banner,and it was 0.53 and 1.11 in 1986 vs.1995 and 1995 vs.2000,respectively,and the lowest in Alukeerqi