中文摘要：

釉砂和玻砂是古玻璃的前身,和古玻璃相比有着不同的成分组成和化学结构.考古资料显示中国釉砂和玻砂的持续时间自西周初期至东汉时期.用质子激发X荧光技术和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析了几个出土于中国内蒙古、甘肃、河南的釉砂和玻砂管珠的化学成分.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜测定样品的显微形貌.结合已经报道的釉砂和玻砂的化学成分,探讨了釉砂、玻砂的现代科技鉴定方法以及对古玻璃研究的重要意义.同时,还讨论了中国釉砂与古埃及釉砂的成分差异,论证了中国古代釉砂的自主生产特征.

英文摘要：

As the precursor of ancient glasses, faience and frit have different chemical compositions and structures from true ancient glasses. The archaeological data show that the duration of Chinese faiences and frits existence is from the Westren Zhou to the Eastern Han period. The chemical compositions of several faience and frit samples of tube and bead unearthed in the Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Henan were analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission technique and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the micro-morphology of samples. Combined with the published chemical compositions of faience and frit, the method and significance of scientific identification of faience and frit are discussed. Chinese and the ancient Egyptian faiences were compared, and the differences demonstrate the self-made characteristics of Chinese faiences.