中文摘要：

极端条件下液体（熔体）的结构和物性是凝聚态物理、材料科学和地球科学关注的重要问题之一。由于长程周期性的缺失,液体在极端条件下的结构和物性的实验和理论研究都面临着巨大的挑战。与晶体相比,人们对极端条件下液体的结构和物性的演化规律所知甚少。本文系统介绍了近年来高温高压条件下液体的结构、密度和黏度测量的研究进展,以及取得的重要科学认识,以期对今后极端条件下液体的结构和物性研究起到一定的参考作用。

英文摘要：

The structural and physical properties of liquids under extreme conditions are of great inter- est in the research of condensed matters, material science and earth science. Due to the absence of long range order, numerous great challenges are being faced in experimental and theoretical studies on liq- uid under extreme conditions. Our knowledge of the structural and physical properties of liquids under extreme conditions is very much limited compared with those crystals. In this paper, we summarized the latest technical advances and scientific discoveries in the study of the structure, density and viscosi- ty of liquids under high pressures and at high temperatures, which may facilitate the investigation of the structural and physical properties of liquids in the years ahead.