中文摘要：

介绍了棒管料低应力精密下料工艺的原理及设备结构,为分析不同加工方法预制的V型槽对低应力精密下料工艺的影响,分别采用车削、铣削和激光3种开槽方法在304不锈钢厚壁无缝管上预制了相同深度的V型槽,并在低应力下料设备上开展了下料试验,得到了对应于不同开槽方法的下料时间和断面质量。试验结果表明：下料效率方面,铣削〉车削〉激光;断面质量方面,激光〉车削〉铣削。通过扫描电子显微镜对3种V型槽底部进行观察,获得了不同开槽方法下V型槽底部的表面形貌,揭示了V型槽的表面质量和热影响区对低应力下料过程中初始裂纹萌生的影响,分析了不同开槽方法时下料断面上撕裂区的产生原因。试验结果对低应力精密下料工艺开槽方法的选择具有参考价值。

英文摘要：

The principle and equipment structure of low stress precision cutting process for rods and tubes were introduced firstly, and the same depth V -shaped grooves were preliminarily produced on 304 stainless steel thick -walled seamless pipe by turning, milling and laser manufacturing respectively in order to analyze influences of the V - groove prefabricated by different processing methods on the low - stress precision cutting process. Then, the cutting tests were conducted by low - stress cutting devices, and the cutting time and cross section qual- ity were obtained for different slotting methods. The results show that for cuttiugg efficiency, milling process 〉 turning process 〉 laser process, while for cross section quality, laser process 〉 turning process 〉 milling process. Furthermore, the bottom of three different V - shaped grooves were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） and the bottom surface morphologies of V - shaped grooves prefabricated by different slotting methods were obtained. Furthermore the influences of surface quality and heat - effect zone of V - shaped grooves on the generating process of initial cracks in the low- stress cutting process are revealed to analyze the generating reason of tearing area in the cross section re- spectively. Thus, the experimental results have reference value for selecting of slotting method for low -stress precision cutting.