中文摘要：

石墨烯具有超大的比表面积、较快的载流子迁移速率和优异的电催化活性，广泛用于环境保护与检测领域。过去几年，基于石墨烯的大批高效吸附剂和传感器均被开发并应用于重金属离子的污染治理。本文详细阐述了石墨烯基复合材料在重金属离子去除和检测方面的研究进展，同时比较了不同方法的优缺点，最后对后续研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Graphene was applied widely in environmental protection and detection due to its unique physicochemical properties, including larger specific surface area, high-speed electron mobility and excellent electrocatalytic activity. In the past few years, many efficient adsorbents and sensors based on graphene have been constructed for the treatment of heavy metal ions. In this article, recent research achievements are reviewed on the application of graphene-based materials for the removal and detection of heavy metal ions, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are compared. Finally, a perspective on the future challenge and research focus is discussed.