中文摘要：

人的差异问题是人类学的中心问题,是国内外研究的热点和重点。人的差异不仅表现在生物学上（包括形态学、生理学、生物化学、药物代谢、免疫学与疾病易感性、体成分、体能等）,还表现在地域、时间、种族与民族、性格、性别等多方面。这些差异产生的原因主要来自生态学因素（或环境因素）和遗传因素等。人的差异及其影响因素的研究对人类学、医学、法医学、考古学和人类生态学等都具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

Human variation is the central problem of anthropology, a hotspot and focus on the research of domestic and overseas. The variation shows not only in human biology （including morphology, physiology, biochemistry, drug metabolism, immunology and disease susceptibility, body composition, physical performance, etc.）, but also in geographical, temporal, racial and ethnic, character, gender and other aspects. The causes of these differences originats mainly from ecological factors （or environmental factors） and genetic factors. The study of human variation and its influencing factor is significant to anthropology, medicine, forensic medicine, archeology and human ecology and like.