中文摘要：

电润湿已广泛应用于微流系统、电子变焦微透镜、电子纸、电润湿显示器中.本文重点关注电润湿在新兴的微纳能源转换和利用系统中的应用,沿着＂基础理论-应用基础-应用＂的思路对电润湿的研究现状进行梳理,首先介绍电润湿的基础理论及其目前仍面临的瓶颈问题,其次从材料、结构及复杂条件下特殊现象角度综述电润湿在应用过程需要解决的关键基础问题,最后总结电润湿在新兴的微纳能源转换和利用系统,包括微通道系统、电子冷却、相变换热和太阳能光电系统中的应用.

英文摘要：

Dynamic wetting is a process that one fluid replaces the other fluid（usually gas） on solid surfaces, which is very common and widely involved in our daily activities and many industrial applications, such as printing, dyeing, coating, drag reduction, and many others. Due to the complexity of the dynamic wetting, most of studies have focused on understanding the dynamic wetting behaviors of simple fluids on homogeneous flat surfaces without any external fields in early ages. The gaps between the research with ideal wetting conditions and real applications facilitate the studies of dynamic wetting with complex conditions, such as complex fluids（non-Newtonian fluids, colloidal solutions, nanofluids etc.）, real substrates（hydrophobic surfaces, hydrophilic surfaces, micro-nano hybrid surfaces or others）, and complex external fields（electric fields, thermal fields or magnetic fields）. Among these studies, the dynamic wetting with external electric fields, also known as electrowetting, is a hot topic. Electrowetting is a modification method of the surface wettability using an applied electric field. Electrowetting has been widely used in many microfluidic systems, such as electronic microlenses, electronic-paper, electrowetting display and others. This paper provides a review on the recent developments of electrowetting applications in the emerging micro-nano energy conversion and utilization systems, ranging from the physical and theoretical research, fundamental applications to industrial applications. The fundamental physical concepts and principles involved in electrowetting phenomena are reviewed in the first part. The mainstream physical mechanisms related to electrowetting are summarized and compared to illustrate their successes and limitations. The challenges in the topic of electrowetting phenomena are summarized, which lie in four aspects：（1） the contact angle saturation;（2） the contact angle hysteresis;（3） the electric puncture electrolysis;（4） electrowetting reversibility