中文摘要：

根据目前的微生物学知识体系,利用现有的微生物培养技术仅仅能够分离和培养部分微生物,自然环境中绝大多数微生物暂不能培养。本文总结归纳了部分微生物培养技术和培养策略,包括采取生境隔离、延长培养时间以及模拟自然环境条件等方法,尤其是培养基的营养水平对可培养微生物数量及种类产生重要影响。简要总结了寡营养微生物及其生态意义,以及营养物浓度影响微生物生长的机理。提出可根据微生物的生态环境条件及细胞生理特性,设计合理的培养条件和培养方法,以及采用多种分离培养方法联合,以期最终提高环境微生物的可培养性。

英文摘要：

Concerning the present microbiological knowledge system, we can only isolate and culture a small fraction of microbes with the existing microbial culture techniques, leaving the vast majority of microorganisms in the natural environment unculturable. This article summarizes some microbial cultivation techniques and strategies, including space separation, prolongation of cultivation, and simulation of the natural environmental conditions. Much attention is paid to the effects of the medium nutrient levels on microbial culturability. This article also briefly summarizes the physiology and ecology of oligotrophic bacteria, as well as how nutrient concentration affects microbial growth. It is proposed that microbial culturability would be improved via rational design of culture medium and applying proper culture conditions.