中文摘要：

本文是一个有关大批国际移民到达一个新社会后，对当地造成各种冲击并在最后问题得以解决的历史案例研究。所谓“德裔人问题”，指的是18世纪40、50年代，大批德意志移民短时间内涌入宾夕法尼亚后，对殖民地社会造成的各种冲击与问题，主要有：导致族群人口比例失调，对当地议会掌控权构成潜在挑战；造成当地政治势力和内部政局严重失衡，引起原先定居于此的英裔人恐慌；以及语言、文化、生活习惯冲突；等等。对此，殖民地社会采取了人口上限制分流、政治上分化，同时大力推进文化适应与政治归化等措施，进行了积极的回应。这些措施，尤其是有利于解决移民生存、生活之本的土地政策，以及简易的归化程序，对所谓“德裔人问题”的解决确实起到了较大的作用，但究其根本，这一问题的最终解决，则主要应归功于德裔移民在当地政治、经济、社会等多方面的积极参与。

英文摘要：

This historical case study focuses on the problems arose in local society caused by the influx of massive numbers of international immigrants and on how solutions to such problems were found. The so-called ＂German Problems＂ refers to the various impacts and problems associated with the massive immigration of Germans into Pennsylvania within a short period of time between 1740s and 1750s. These problems include： （1） a drastic demographic shift in population lead to potential threats to the local legislative authorities; （2） the same demographic shift broke the original balance of local political powers and of the internal political situation; and （3） such drastic changes stirred panic among the original English inhabitants. Conflicts in languages, cultures, habits and customs, etc. were also included. As a result, measures were taken especially on facilitating land policy designated survival and livelihood and on simplifying the naturalization process, to cope with immigrant for example, forbidding population separation and political polarization, as well as vigorously promoting and actively responding to cultural adaptation and political assimilation. These had indeed played an important role in solving the so-called German problems. However, the fundamental reason for success in solving these problems should be attributed to the active participation of the German immigrants in the political, economic, and social aspects of their new life.