中文摘要：

为了降低光电转换产品的成本，提高光电转换的效率和能量的利用率，在介绍了光电转换和热光电转换的基本原理以及发展方向后，从动力学角度推导了热光电转换过程中选择发射器的性能与发射器材料的微观作用参数的依赖关系，为寻找用于有效热光电转换过程的高性能选择发射器材料指明了方向；最后介绍了当前光电转换和热光电转换的应用情况。

英文摘要：

The photoelectric effect and especially the thermophotovoltaic effect, their current status and future directions of development are presented. Special attentions are paid to the development of selective emitters, the most important part in the thermophotovoltaic devices, by analyzing the dynamical processes of the electric-phonon interac- tions in the materials. The dependence of the performance of selective emitters on these microscopic interaction parameters is given. Finally, current and potential applications of photoelectric and thermophotovoltaic effects are summarized.