中文摘要：

合成生物学（synthetic biology）是伴随着基因工程、系统生物学以及生物信息学的发展而出现的一个新的交叉学科。大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）作为一种宿主在合成生物学的发展中功不可没。从某种意义上讲，合成生物学的每一次进展都离不开大肠杆菌。从大肠杆菌的角度出发，对合成生物学的发展进行深入分析，并提出了合成生物学在中圉发展的重点。

英文摘要：

Synthetic biology is an inter-discipline that appeared with the development of genetic engineering, system biology and bioinformatics. As a host, Escherichia coli played an important role in the development of synthetic biology. Therefore, this review summarized the recent development of E. coli as a host of synthetic biology.