中文摘要：

为解盐城灰鹤（Grusgrus）的越冬种群动态及行为特征，在盐城保护区设置两条样线，自2008年12月始，连续5个冬季每月一次作种群监测，并观察灰鹤家族群的越冬行为。结果显示，近5年来，盐城越冬灰鹤种群（303～707只）较为稳定，沿海开发对其种群似乎并无负面影响，这可能与灰鹤的食性及生境偏好有关。年龄对灰鹤越冬行为影响显著，幼鹤相较成鹤将花费更多的时间用于采食，而用于警戒的时问较少，这与幼鹤所处的生长及学习阶段有关。家族群大小对灰鹤的采食、警戒及群体警戒效率等均无显著影响，说明对于灰鹤而言，两只幼鹤并未显著增加其在警戒行为上的投入。

英文摘要：

To understand the population status and behavioural features of wintering common cranes in the Yancheng Nature Reserve, two transects were established and population trends were monitored every month over five recent winters from 2008 to 2013. Wintering behaviours were also observed in order to explore the possible effects of family size and age on time budgets. Results indicated that the populations were stable with a range of 303 to 707 individuals. Negative effects of coastal developments were not found on the wintering population of common cranes, which might be related to their diets and preference for artificial wetland habitats. We found a significant effect of age on time budgets, with juveniles spending more time feeding and less time alerting, which might be related to the needs of body development and skill learning. Family size did not affect the time budgets of the cranes, which indicated that adults did not increase vigilance investment even when raising a larger family.